Monday, May 25, 2020

The Gilded Age By Mark Twain And Charles Warner - 2268 Words

The Gilded Age The Gilded Age was a great time in American history when industrialization was growing rapidly, and immigration to our country increased dramatically. Mark Twain and Charles Warner named this time of industrial prosperity the Gilded Age because the wealth of the fortunate masked the problems that the society faced. New inventions and corporations led to industrialization and immigration growing in our nation. Industrialization led to the creating of mass culture, which allowed people to have more leisure time. However, all of the great wealth that industrialization brought to the U.S. hid the fact that African Americans faced segregation, and nonwhites were discriminated against during this time in history. The Gilded Age lasted from 1865 to 1914, a short time in U.S. history, but it had a major impact in the advancement of our country! The Industrial Revolution began spreading to America in the early to mid 1800s and industries began to develop, which changed the path of our countr y forever. William Kelly and Henry Bessemer created the Bessemer steel process in the 1850s and it cut the price of steel dramatically. John D. Rockefeller became a captain of industry in the oil industry with his Standard Oil Trust corporation that became a monopoly. Rockefeller was considered a robber baron because he used dishonest methods to become rich. Andrew Carnegie was a captain of industry in the steel industry. Carnegie tried to make his company the best by making theShow MoreRelated The Gilded Age Essay1094 Words   |  5 PagesThe Gilded Age Mark Twain collaborated with Charles Dudley Warner on The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today. Published in 1973, as Twain’s earliest work of extended fiction, The Gilded Age gives a name to the period of opulence and corruption at the end of the 19th century. Portraying the superficial luxury of Washington and high society, the authors describe â€Å"The general laxity of the time, and the absence of a sense of duty toward any part of the community but the individual himself† (Twain 203)Read MoreThe Pen Name Of Samuel Langhorne Clemens933 Words   |  4 PagesMark Twain was the pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the most famous writers of American Literature. He was born on November 30, 1835, in the tiny Midwestern village of Florida, Missouri. He was the sixth child of John and Jane Clemens. As a four year old, his family moved to Hannibal and he began to become exposed to the social and financial problems of his era when. Hannibal was a small town near the Mississ ippi River where his father his uncle owned slaves. Twain created his own opinionsRead MoreEssay on American History: The Gilded Age America736 Words   |  3 PagesGilded Age America Throughout the history of the United States, the Gilded Age is regarded as a period that spanned the last three decades of the 19th century. This period starts from the Civil War came to an end in the 1865 up to 1900. The term Gilded Age was formulated by writers Charles Warner and Mark Twain in The Gilded Age: A Tale of Toady in 1873. They did this since they believed it to be an era that would be characterized by a variety of severe social problems that were camouflaged byRead More Mark Twain Essay1682 Words   |  7 Pages Mark Twain was the pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the major authors of American fiction. Twain is also considered the greatest humorist in American literature. His varied works include novels, travel narratives, short stories, sketches, and essays. His writings about the Mississippi River, such as The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the Mississippi and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, have proven especially popular among modern readers. I feel that many of Mark Twains writingsRead More mark twain Essay1481 Words   |  6 Pages Samuel Clemens/Mark Twain 1835-1910 Samuel Clemens was born on November 30, 1835 in Florida, Missouri, the sixth of seven children. At the age of four, Sam and his family moved to the small frontier town of Hannibal, Missouri on the banks of the Mississippi River. Missouri, at the time, was a fairly new state (it had gained statehood in 1820) and comprised part of the countrys western border. It was also a slave state. Sams father owned one slave and his uncle owned several. In fact, it was onRead MoreThe Gilded Age By Mark Twain1730 Words   |  7 PagesThe Gilded Age was a period from the late 1800s through the early 1900s. The name of this time period was given by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner in their book The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today which expresses this time using two stories. One of a Tennessee family trying to sell undeveloped land and the other of two upper class businessmen. This book visits the highs and lows of living in this age. Those who are rich and plentiful, and those who are dirt poor. Sho wing the struggle people wentRead MoreIndustrial Revolution And The Industrial Age984 Words   |  4 Pagesof the Industrial Age emerged in the North. Because the work was there, these cities ballooned into metropolises. And as the cities of the North grew, economic disparities between the wealthy and the poor became more pronounced; the corporations of the Industrial Age generated enormous fortunes for a handful of people, leaving most industrial laborers living in poverty. Most of the people living in these growing cities were workers working in the new factories of the Industrial Age. The manufacturersRead MoreEssay about Chapter 162321 Words   |  10 PagesJenny Ulery 01/12/15 5th Ch. 16 Study Questions - America’s Gilded Age: 1870-1890 1. The American economy thrived because of federal involvement, not the lack of it. How did the federal government actively promote industrial and agricultural development in this period? BE SPECIFIC. The federal government actively promoted industrial and agricultural development. It enacted high tariffs that protected American industry from foreign competition, granted land to railroad companies to

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Pablo Picasso Essay - 2997 Words

Pablo Picasso A Brief Biography Pablo Ruiz Y Picasso was the most famous artist of the 20th century. He was born on October 25, 1881 in Malaga, Spain. Picasso showed great talent at an early age. He loved to paint pictures of city life and was fascinated by the circus. He also enjoyed painting pictures of the day-to-day life of poor people in his neighbourhood and was also very poor himself. His father, Jose Ruiz Blasco, was a Castilian art teacher in Malaga and his mother, Maria Picasso, was an Andalusian of Majorcan origin. In 1896 Picasso entered the school of fine arts where his father was a professor. amp;#9;In 1900, Picasso visited Paris, at the time the worlds centre for art and literature, and became infatuated with†¦show more content†¦Clumsy gestures, womanish hands, badly dressed, rather messy. Thick hair, black and lustrous, slashing across his intelligent and stubborn forehead. Half bohemian, half worker in his appearance...quot; . amp;#9; amp;#9; Picassos Rose Period was a result of the happiness he found with one of his mistress and started soon after they met in 1904. During this period, his works were filled with delicate pinks and the figures, while still somewhat sad, were not desolate as the subjects of the Blue Period had been; figures became more lively and family groups replaced the lonely prostitutes and beggars of earlier works. amp;nbsp; amp;#9;Picasso, who liked to attend the Medrano Circus with his friends, became influenced and aroused with what he saw. This resulted in many portraits of circus people and circus life in general. Such portraits are as follows: quot;Girl on a Ballquot; (1905, State Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow), quot;Taciturn and Androgynous Harlequinsquot;, quot;Flatness of Frescoesquot;, quot;Family of Saltimbanquesquot; and also his famous quot;Woman with a Fanquot;, an unsmiling woman who raises a hand as though bidding farewell to the works of Picassos youth. amp;#9;It was during a stay at Gosol, in Spain, in the summer of 1906, that he began to paint solid, distorted female nudes at there toilets, seen in quot;The Coiffurequot; (Metropolitan Museum of Fine Art, New York City), quot;Nude on Red Backgroundquot;Show MoreRelatedPablo Picasso Essay1248 Words   |  5 PagesWho was Pablo Picasso? Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) is commonly considered to be one of the greatest twentieth-century radical European surrealist and cubist painters and sculptors to have lived, if not the greatest modern artist that Spain has ever produced. His prolific portfolio included experimentation in everything from printmaking to ceramics, although oil painting was for most of his career his primary medium. His extensive legacy in popular culture and fine art, particularly in abstract geometryRead More Pablo Picasso Essay674 Words   |  3 PagesPablo Picasso Some say he was superstitious, sarcastic, awful towards his children, and horrible to women. He could very well have been all those things, but one thing I know Pablo Picasso was a great artist. He is one of the fathers of cubism, he had an audience of at least tens of millions. No other painter or sculptor before him had the fame that Picasso had. In the year 1881 a son was born to Don Jose Ruiz Blasco and Maria Picasso on the southern coast of Spain in a town calledRead MoreThe Contributions Of Pablo Picasso Essay1073 Words   |  5 PagesPablo Picasso, a standout amongst the most perceived figures of the twentieth century workmanship who co-made such styles as Cubism and Surrealism, was additionally among most imaginative, persuasive, and productive specialists ever. He was conceived Pablo Ruiz Picasso on October 6, 1881, in Malaga, Spain. He was the principal offspring of Jose Ruiz y Blasco and Maria Picasso y Lopez. His dad was a craftsman and educator of workmanship at the School of Fine Arts, furthermore a caretaker of historicalRead More pablo picasso Essay1276 Words   |  6 Pages Pablo Picasso Pablo Picasso was considered the greatest artist of the 20th century because of his unique styles and techniques. Pablo Ruiz y Picasso was born in Malaga, Spain on October 25, 1881 to a professor of art named Jose Ruiz Blanco and his wife Maria Picasso Lopez. Because of his fathers’ occupation, Picasso’s talent was quickly noticed and appreciated. Don Jose, an art teacher, moved Picasso and his family to La Coruna and then to Barcelona where he was Picasso’s instructor at the fineRead MorePage 1: Home. Pablo Picasso. The Impact Of Pablo Picasso1733 Words   |  7 PagesPage 1: Home Pablo Picasso The impact of Pablo Picasso on modern art is unprecedented, as his responsible for the development and expansion of many art genres. His unique views on how we perceive art and his ability to take inspiration from more obscure and unorthodox art forms tool the traditional mindset of the world by storm. Pablo Picasso can be considered the greatest artist of the 20th century because of his contributions to making modern art what it is today. What made Picasso revolutionaryRead MoreGuernica, By Pablo Picasso907 Words   |  4 Pagesthree angles. You see it straight on, you see the profile, and you see the back of the head. Picasso uses this technique in most of his paintings to express the entire meaning to the audience. In the painting Guernica, cubism is used to show all the sides of war. War is terrifying. It is bone chilling; causes pain and despair. There is nothing good about war. Every side, every angle is dark and unsettling. Pablo Picasso’s painting Guernica, is a perfect portrayal of the chaos and terror of war. MyRead MoreGuernica, By Pablo Picasso750 Words   |  3 Pages â€Å"Guernica† by Pablo Picasso was a black and white, mural oil painting created in June of 1937 on a 349 cm Ãâ€" 776 cm (137.4 in Ãâ€" 305.5 in) canvas. The piece represents the chaos that flooded the Spanish town of Guernica after a vicious bombing by the German and Italian forces during the Spanish Civil War. What followed was a senseless slaughter and bloodshed with the primary focus being the demoralization of the Basque people. The painting depicts suffering people, animals, and buildings wrenchedRead More Pablo Ruiz Picasso Essay634 Words   |  3 PagesPablo Ruiz Picasso Pablo Picasso was born in Malaga in 1881. Pablo was the son of a respected art teacher, and due to his father’s influence, young Pablo entered the Academy at Barcelona at age 14. This was where he painted his first great work, â€Å"Girl with Bare Feet†. After two years of schooling, Picasso transferred for even for advanced tutelage. This did not hold Picasso’s interest, so instead he spent much of his time in cafes and in brothels. Three years later, Picasso won a gold medalRead MoreEssay about Pablo Picasso1158 Words   |  5 Pagesof personal meaning to the artist. One of the most important figures in modern art is Pablo Picasso. Not only was Pablo Picasso a genius in the field of abstract art, but he also experimented with sculpting and ceramics. Pablo Picasso has taken the world to many places with his unique style of work which is why I believe he is considered to be a genius of the 20th century. Background Pablo Picasso, born Pablo Ruiz, was destined to become an artist at a very young age. Born in Malaga, Spain on OctoberRead MoreGuernic Guernica, Pablo Picasso2517 Words   |  11 PagesUNIT 2: SAC 1 – Guernica, Pablo Picasso Pablo Picasso, a Spanish born artist, had become the most well known name in modern art, with the most diverse and definite style and eye for artistic formation. There had been no other artists, prior to Picasso, who had such an influence on the art world; this is successfully demonstrated through his artwork titled ‘Guernica.’ Guernica makes a sturdy and solid political statement, painted as an immediate reaction to the Nazi’s devastating casual bombing

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Disputed Territory of Israel and Palestine - 1865 Words

The territory of Israel and Palestine has been disputed since 1947, and the conflict in this region continues to this day. It has become an international conflict as it has spread outside the boundaries of those nations involved, associating other countries such as Syria, Jordan and Egypt with the contentions. Other countries have also become involved, with the aim of generating peace and stability throughout the region, but as of yet, the unrest remains. The recent conflict originally arose after world war two as a result of the UN (United Nations) allowing the division of the Palestine region into Jewish and Arab sectors because of the migration of many Jews into the region, in 1930 alone 230,000 Jews moved into this location to avoid the negative attitudes and actions that were brought about as a result of the Hitler Regime. The Palestinians believe that Israel belongs to them, and that the UN’s decision is wrong, whereas the Jews believe that parts of the land belong to t hem because of the religiously important history related to the location, a movement known as Zionism also encouraged Jews to move to Palestine as they saw it as the natural location to create a Jewish state. One location that was proven in court to religiously belong to the Jews is the Sheik Jarrah neighbourhood, where Jews are now being allowed to settle, with the other parts of the population being forcefully evicted from their homes. One location that is populated by Palestinians is that of theShow MoreRelatedThe Difficulties of the Attempts to Find a Peace Settlement Between the Palestinians and the Jews646 Words   |  3 PagesThe Difficulties of the Attempts to Find a Peace Settlement Between the Palestinians and the Jews The Palestinians and the Jews have been fighting over the land of Palestine. Both believe that they have greater claim than the other. The Jews believe the land is theirs because they had lived there centuries ago, it was the land promised by God to Abraham thousands of years ago. The Palestinian Arabs believe the land is theirs because ever since the Jews left, the Arabs haveRead MoreThe Arab Israeli War ( 1948-49 ) A Political Conflict?1719 Words   |  7 PagesMuseum, accessed 2017). A long-term solution was necessary. On November 29, 1947 the United Nations decided to partition the former British Mandate of Palestine - the religious and historical ‘homeland’ of the Jews - creating side-by-side Jewish and Palestinian states. This political solution was known as ‘Resolution 181’ or the ‘Partition Resolution (Israel and Judaism Studies, accessed 2017).’ This course of action brought with it far reaching and unforeseen consequences. The ‘Partition Resolution’Read MoreThe Struggle For Land And Palestine : What s The Problems Ahead?1698 Words   |  7 PagesThe Struggle for Land in Israel and Palestine: What’s the Problems Ahead? Abstract The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is a continuing conflict, which is a part of Arab-Israel conflict and the Middle East war. This paper mainly explores the conflicts which caused the struggle for land in Israel and Palestine. Why Is It So Hard to Stop Struggling For Land? The land struggle between Israel and Palestine have never ended for almost a century. Today, though there are a lot of agreements, the conflictsRead MoreCauses of the Six Day War4151 Words   |  17 PagesWhat were the causes of Israel-Palestine war? TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT AANALYSIS THE CAUSES OF ISRAEL/PALESTINE CONFLICT: THE FIRST INTIFADA 1987-93 DIVIDING THE MAP THE 1948 WAR ZIONISM 1967/OCCUPATION THE ARABS, TERRORISM amp; SECURITY: â€Å"NO SOLUTION† THE WALL/FENCE/BARRIER DELEGITIMIZING THE STATEHOOD DECLARATION BY PALESTINE THE IMPACT OF SCARCE WATER RESOURCES ON THE ARAB-ISRAEL CONFLICT CAMP DAVID FAILURE THE ISRAEL-PALESTINE CONFLICT IS CENTRAL TO THE MILITANTS’ CAUSE Abstract Read MoreThe End Of World War I2396 Words   |  10 Pagesthe 1917 Belfour Declaration, which endorsed the establishment of a Jewish national home in Palestine and the preservation of the civil and religious rights of non-Jewish Palestinian communities. Consequently, the British Mandate in the region of Israel, the former Palestine, which was initiated and endorsed by the League of Nations in 1922, and which incorporated the Belfour Declaration. The control of Israel has changed hands multiple times since then and subsequently, its borders have shifted considerablyRead MoreIsrael And Palestine Conflict Between Judaism And Islam1568 Words   |  7 PagesIsrael and Palestine The conflict between the Palestinians and the Israelis is largely a religious conflict. Even though religion, ethnicity, territory, and politics are inextricably interwoven, the conflict is largely fueled and driven on by the religious rift between Judaism and Islam. Without the religious component of a Jewish state and the religious identity of the Palestinians clashing against one another, perhaps the conflict would still have emerged out of territorial or nationalistic disputesRead More Middle East Essay1381 Words   |  6 Pagesland and under their control the conflict remained minimal. But within months of their departure, and the division of the land between Israel and the surrounding Arab nations, war broke out. The Arabs were unhappy with the UNs divisions of the land, and in an attempt to obtain the land, which they believed was rightfully theirs; they attacked the State of Israel. To the surprise of many, the armies of Egypt, Syria and Jordan fell to Israeli troops and in stead of gaining land, they lost it. AlmostRead MoreEssay about The Arab Isreali Conflict1555 Words   |  7 Pagesancestral home, land of Israel (or Palestine). Political Zionism, the belief that Jews should establish a state for themselves in Palestine, was a revolutionary idea for the 19th Century. During World War I, Jews supported countries that constituted the Central Powers because they detested the tyranny of czarist Russia. Both the Allies and Central Powers needed Jewish support, but Germany could not espouse Zionism due to its ties with the Ottoman Empire, which still controlled Palestine. British Prime MinisterRead MoreThe Conflict Between Israel And Palestine Essay2089 Words   |  9 Pages The conflict between Israel and Palestine has raged on since Israel s founding in the 1940s, the solution to this problem is not always straight forward or clear. It seems like everyone has formed their opinions and are stuck in their ways. The United Nations has even seem to accep t the conflict as a certainty and for a large part does not wish to address it (Baker). However just because this problem is complex doesn t mean there is no hope for a solution. This conflict is generally seen as aRead MorePolitical Status of the Disputed Territories1318 Words   |  5 PagesPolitical status of the disputed territories The political status between the nations of Israel and Palestine is a continuing crisis that began upon Israels formation shortly after the conclusion of World War II. Many small scale wars and battles have been fought over the years killing many and intensifying the region. The political situation sees many Western forces providing economic and military support for Israel. The conflict lies in two general areas: religious idolatry and the formation

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Understanding Human Resources Democratic Leadership Style

Question: 1. Identify the various forms of organisational structure, culture and management styles and to be able to give examples. 2. Describe the role of an HR department within the context of an organisation. 3. Demonstrate key activities managers undertake and the skills required when managing people within an organisation. Answer: Introduction HRM refers to the formal systems which are managed by the HR managers of an organisation in order to generate revenue by managing the concerns of the people associated with the company. Human Resource Management includes many aspects such as staffing, compensation, and employee benefits. The essay focuses on HRM functions of Capco. Human Resource Management of Capco is designed in a way to maximise the performance of employees in the context of strategic objectives of a particular employee. Different concepts of human resources included in HRM are personnel management, employee relations, performance management, leadership, and retention. 1. The flat organisational structure is suitable for Capco. The organisational culture of Capco is driven by team spirit, entrepreneurship and innovation. Capco is a multinational organisation operating over 20 locations worldwide. According to the nature of the organisational culture, flat structure is best for Capco. In a flat structure, there are very few numbers of middle management. Flat structure organisation will perfectly define the organisational nature and culture of Capco (Lustenberger 2014). The managers and the consultants of Capco are allowed to enjoy individuality and entrepreneurship within the company. Tall structure organisation will not allow this type of organisational culture. There will be many hierarchies in between where staffs and executives have to report for their specific work. The flat structure will enable smooth maintenance of open line of communication between the middle management with the junior executives (Smith et al. 2013). Integrity and openness are easy to follow while having a flat organisational structure in a company. Decentralised decision-making is possible in flat structure through employee involvement. In this structure, executives receive fast feedback from their seniors due to few middle-level managers in the organisation. Hence, quick decisions are taken regarding customer feedback or strategic perspectives (Nrman, Johnson and Gingnell 2016). Self-managing teams are encouraged in Capco for excellent performance. 2. The span of control is defined as the number of subordinates present in an organisation. Many businesses in human resource management use this term. It is discussed earlier that Capco will flourish if the company follows flat structure (Wallin, Pousette and Dellve 2014). Self-directed teams are there in Capco that have a specific level of the span of control. The span of control creates positive impact on employee motivation. The organisational culture of Capco encourages entrepreneurship, individuality, openness, good communication, etc. Employees of Capco are motivated, as they enjoy less span of control from their superiors. They are also allowed to work individually in a creative way (Wong et al. 2015). Hierarchy is an essential element in the organisational structure of a company. Different companies follow a different style of hierarchy. Being a flat organisation or a tall organisation, the hierarchy will be present in every organisation. Hierarchies of management are not only formed for controlling different activities but also for employee motivation. Employees will work hard to reach themselves in higher levels of management in the organisation (Diefenbach 2013). Employees of Capco are provided with many opportunities in socialising and grow their career within the organisation. Higher post in the hierarchy of Capco will provide employees benefits and responsibilities that are more interesting as well as challenging. 3. Among the three leadership styles mentioned in the question, the leaders of the organisation follow democratic leadership style in Capco. Democratic leadership is also known as participative leadership. As Capco is a consulting firm, democratic leadership is the best form of leadership that explores problems and finding solutions. This form of leadership will help consultants and executives to experiment the possibilities in depth leading to a discussion among different level of employees along with sharing of ideas in order to provide solutions for the problems (Goleman, Boyatzis and McKee 2013). New ideas will flow smoothly in Capco that will allow more flexibility among the employees to communicate with each other. Participative or democratic leadership include supervisors and consultants in providing ideas regarding business solutions, as well as they, can participate in the major decision-making process of the company (Teles 2015). Openness in working environment is maintaine d in Capco that can be possible by following democratic leadership within the organisation. This form of leadership is responsible for bringing the best from an experienced professional team. Democratic leaders capitalise on the talents and skills of the consultants by providing them with an opportunity in sharing their views in front of everyone rather than simply expecting the employees to conform (Bhatti et al. 2012). 4. Performance management is a vital aspect of an organisation that ensures meeting goals in an efficient manner. The focus of performance management is measuring the performance of the employees as well as the organisation in a broader concept (Buckingham and Goodall 2015). Capco will formulate performance management in a way that will lead to improved management control, motivated workforce, increased financial gain, etc. Organisational development will also be included in performance management of Capco through performance appraisal, performance planning and performance coaching. Capco should focus on the aspect of performance appraisal where individual performance is measured along with feedback provided to the consultants (De Waal 2013). Reward management is related to the performance management system of Capco. Capco sets rewards based on performance of consultants. Reward management of a company refers to implementation and formulation of policies and strategies that aim in rewarding people consistently, equitably and fairly according to the performance and their values within the organisation (Rose 2014). Reward management of Capco includes controlling and analysing compensation, remuneration, incentives, monetary and non-monetary benefits for the employees. It is a part of employee motivation that can also includes non-monetary rewards such as recognition, development and training. Capco will concentrate both on extrinsic and intrinsic rewards. Conclusion and Recommendations Creativity, individuality, openness are the main characteristics of organisational culture which influence the employees of the organisation to grow their career and contribute their ideas to the business development of Capco. Capco is a consultant that has to focus on different aspects of human resource management such as rewards, performance appraisal, democratic leadership, the flat organisational structure in order to develop organisational culture as well as the development of employees associated with the company. It is recommended that Capco have to focus on different forms of rewards especially, which will improve the personal satisfaction of employees such as recognition, empowerment, trust, feedback, information, etc. References Bhatti, N., Maitlo, G.M., Shaikh, N., Hashmi, M.A. and Shaikh, F.M., 2012. The impact of autocratic and democratic leadership style on job satisfaction. International Business Research,5(2), p.192. Buckingham, M. and Goodall, A., 2015. Reinventing performance management.Harvard Business Review,93(4), pp.40-50. De Waal, A., 2013.Strategic Performance Management: A managerial and behavioral approach. Palgrave Macmillan. Diefenbach, T., 2013.Hierarchy and organisation: Toward a general theory of hierarchical social systems. Routledge. Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R. and McKee, A., 2013.Primal leadership: Unleashing the power of emotional intelligence. Harvard Business Press. Lustenberger, F., 2014. Organizational hierarchy and how to maintain flexibility.IEEE Engineering Management Review,42(2), pp.10-11. Nrman, P., Johnson, P. and Gingnell, L., 2016. Using enterprise architecture to analyse how organisational structure impact motivation and learning. Enterprise Information Systems,10(5), pp.523-562. Rose, M., 2014.Reward management(Vol. 5). Kogan Page Publishers. Smith, A., Meade, M., Wolf, D. and Song, J., 2013. The CSFs, quality governance, BPR performance and gaining competitive advantage.International Journal of Business and Management,8(24), p.48. Teles, F., 2015. The distinctiveness of democratic political leadership. Political Studies Review,13(1), pp.22-36. Wallin, L., Pousette, A. and Dellve, L., 2014. Span of control and the significance for public sector managers job demands: A multilevel study. Economic and Industrial Democracy,35(3), pp.455-481. Wong, C.A., Elliottà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Miller, P., Laschinger, H., Cuddihy, M., Meyer, R.M., Keatings, M., Burnett, C. and Szudy, N., 2015. Examining the relationships between span of control and manager job and unit performance outcomes. Journal of nursing management,23(2), pp.156-168.